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To assess how well the heart is functioning, clinicians and students often refer to cardiac terms such as cardiac output, stroke volume, preload, afterload, contractility, and ejection fraction.. In cardiac physiology, preload is the amount of sarcomere stretch experienced by cardiac muscle cells, called cardiomyocytes, at the end of ventricular filling during diastole.

In contrast, afterload refers to the resistance the heart must overcome to open the aortic valve and push the.. The sarcomeres will stretch more if there is more blood in the chamber just before contraction.